Justinian II, Emperor of the East, 669-711
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Personality
- Justinian, 1998:CIP t.p. (Justinian) CIP galley (Justinian II; born in 669 (perhaps 668); became Emperor on the death of his father, Constantine IV, in 685; ousted from the throne in 695, by Leontios; regained it by overcoming Tiberius IIIApsimaros in 705; was again overthrown and killed by forces of Bardanes Philippikos in 711)
- Dictionary of biography and mythology, c1930:p. 1415 (Justinian; Justinien; Latin name: Justinianus II)
- New Catholic encyclopedia, 1981(Justinian II, Byzantine emperor 685-695, 705-711 (Emperor of the East); nickname: Rhinotmetus)
- LC database, Sept. 14, 1998(hdg.: Justinianus II, Rhinotmetus, Emperor of the East, 669-711; usage: Justinian II of Byzantium)
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Justinian II (Greek: Ἰουστινιανός, romanized: Ioustinianós; Latin: Iustinianus; 668/69 – 4 November 711), nicknamed "the Slit-Nosed" (Greek: ὁ Ῥινότμητος, romanized: ho Rhīnótmētos), was the last Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Like his namesake, Justinian I, Justinian II was an ambitious and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Roman Empire to its former glories. However, he responded brutally to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father, Constantine IV. Consequently, he generated enormous opposition to his reign, resulting in his deposition in 695 in a popular uprising. He only returned to the throne in 705 with the help of a Bulgar and Slav army. His second reign was even more despotic than the first, and in 711 he was killed by mutinous soldiers.
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