Hawaweeny, Raphael, Saint, 1860-1915
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Personality
- Kalimah (New York, N.Y.). al-Kalimah, 1 Kānūn al-Thānī sanat 1905:title page (Rafāʼīl Hawāwīnī); January 1913: title page (Bishop Raphael Hawaweeny)
- Hawaweeny, Raphael. An historical glance at the brotherhood of the Holy Sepulcher, 1996:title page (Raphael Hawaweeny)
- Our father among the saints, Raphael, Bishop of Brooklyn, 2000:title page (Raphael, Bishop of Brooklyn; born November 8, 1860; died February 27, 1915)
- The true significance of sacred tradition and its great worth, 2016:title page (by St. Raphael M. Hawaweeny) page 4 (St. Raphael Hawaweeny (1860-1915); he was the first Orthodox bishop consecrated in the Western Hemisphere) page 14 (St. Raphael Hawaweeny; born near the feast day of the Archangels (which fell on November 8, 1860) in Beirut; studied at Antioch and then at the seminary of Halki (Heybeli), near Istanbul)
- English Wikipedia, viewed March 19, 2021(Raphael of Brooklyn; Saint Raphael of Brooklyn; Rufāʼīl Hawāwīnī; Raphael Hawaweeny; born November 20, 1860, in Beirut; died February 27, 1915, in Brooklyn; bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, auxiliary bishop of Brooklyn, vicar of the Northern-American diocese, and head of the Antiochian Levantine Christian mission; he was the first Orthodox Christian bishop consecrated on American soil; he was glorified by the Holy Synod of the Orthodox Church in America (OCA) in its March 2000 session)
- The Author's لمحة تاريخية فى اخوية القبر المقدس اليونانية :, [١٩٠٩].
Raphael of Brooklyn (Arabic: القديس رفائيل من بروكلين, lit. 'āl-Qidīs Rafāʾīl min Brūklīn', born Raphael Hawaweeny; Arabic: رفائيل الهواويني, romanized: Rafāʾīl Hawāwīnī; November 20, 1860 – February 27, 1915), was bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, auxiliary bishop of Brooklyn, vicar of the Northern-American diocese, and head of the Antiochian Syrian Christian mission. He is best known for having been first Eastern Orthodox bishop of America, for his staunch critiques of ethnophyletism, exclusivism and Greek nepotism in the Eastern Orthodox Church, as well as being precursor to the Arab Orthodox Movement and being among the first to integrate the Eastern Orthodox Church into multimedia with the first-ever published Eastern Orthodox magazine.
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