Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ ukraįnsʹkykh nat︠s︡ionalistiv
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Corporate Body
- Lysenko, L. Silʹsʹke hospodarstvo Ukraįny, 1960:t.p. (Orhanizat︠s︡iį Ukraįnsʹkykh Nat︠s︡ionalistiv)
- Encyc. of Ukraine:v. 3, p. 708-9 (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Orhanizatsiia ukrainskykh natsionalistiv, or OUN). A Ukrainian political movement dedicated to the establishment of an independent Ukrainian state. The OUN arose from the merger of the Ukrainian Military Organization (UVO) and several nationalist student associations. Two conferences of Ukrainian Nationalists--one in Nov. 1927 and the other in April 1928--paved the way for the founding congress, which was held in Vienna in 1929. Blaming the socialist and liberal camps for the failure of the Ukrainian Revolutions of 1917-20, the OUN stressed the importance of a strong political elite, national solidarity, and reliance on 'our own forces'. The OUN accepted violence as a political tool, much of it directed against the Polish regime. The Second Grand Assembly of the OUN was held in Rome in 1939. Following the German invasion of Russia in 1941 the OUN(B) proclaimed Ukrainian independence in Lviv on 30 June 1941. The Nazi government did not cooperate with the OUN and eventually imprisoned and killed many of their members. Resistance to German rule began in 1942 and eventually the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) absorbed many of their members. However much of the OUN's ideology did not appeal to former Soviet citizens and a Third Extraordinary Grand Assembly was held in August 1943 in which both fascist nationalist and Russian Bolshevik communism were condemned in favor of a 'system of free peoples and independent states'. In Feb. 1946 external units of the OUN (ZCh OUN) were formed in Munich, but organizational strife and rivalry continued between the various factions of the OUN as each one tried to dominate émigré life)
- Ukraįna--spilʹne dobro vsikh įį hromadi︠a︡n, 1971:t.p. (Velykoho zboru Ukraįnsʹkykh nat︠s︡ionalistiv) added t.p. (Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists) p. 5 (Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ ukraįnsʹkykh nat︠s︡ionalistiv)
- L'Ukraina e il suo fascismo, 2016:t.p. (Organizzazione dei Nazionalisti Ukraini)
The Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN; Ukrainian: Організація українських націоналістів, romanized: Orhanizatsiia ukrainskykh natsionalistiv) was a Ukrainian nationalist organization established in 1929 in Vienna, uniting the Ukrainian Military Organization with smaller, mainly youth, radical nationalist right-wing groups. The OUN was the largest and one of the most important far-right Ukrainian organizations operating in the interwar period on the territory of the Second Polish Republic. The OUN was mostly active preceding, during, and immediately after the Second World War. Its ideology has been described as having been influenced by the writings of Dmytro Dontsov, from 1929 by Italian fascism, and from 1930 by German Nazism. The OUN pursued a strategy of violence, terrorism, and assassinations with the goal of creating an ethnically homogenous and totalitarian Ukrainian state. During the Second World War, in 1940, the OUN split into two parts. The older, more moderate members supported Andriy Melnyk's OUN-M, while the younger and more radical members supported Stepan Bandera's OUN-B. On 30 June 1941 OUN-B declared an independent Ukrainian state in Lviv, which had just come under Nazi Germany's control in the early stages of the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. OUN-B pledged to work closely with Germany, which was described as freeing the Ukrainians from Soviet oppression, and OUN-B members subsequently took part in the Lviv pogroms. In response to the OUN-B declaration of independence, the Nazi authorities suppressed the OUN leadership. Members of the OUN took an active part in the Holocaust in Ukraine and Poland. In October 1942, OUN-B established the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). In 1943–1944, in an effort to prevent Polish efforts to re-establish prewar borders, UPA units carried out massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia. In the course of the war, with the approaching defeat of Nazi Germany, the OUN-B changed its political image, exchanging fascist symbolism and totalitarianism for democratic slogans. After World War II, the UPA fought Soviet and Polish government forces. In 1947, in Operation Vistula, the Polish government deported 140,000 Ukrainians as part of the population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine. Soviet forces killed 153,000, arrested 134,000, and deported 203,000 UPA members, relatives, and supporters. During the Cold War, Western intelligence agencies, including the CIA, covertly supported the OUN. A contemporary organization that claims to be the same Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists is still active in Ukraine.
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