Marcos, subcomandante

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Information for Authority record
Name (Latin)
Marcos, subcomandante
Other forms of name
Comandante Marcos
Galeano, subcomandante
Marcos, comandante
Marcos, sous-commandant
Marcos, sup
Marcos, vicecomandante
Sous-commandant Marcos
Subcomandante Galeano
Subcomandante Insurgente Galeano
Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos
Subcomandante Marcos
Subcommander Marcos
Sup Galeano
Sup Marcos
Vicecomandante Marcos
Date of birth
1957-06-19
Associated country
Mexico
Field of activity
College teaching
Graphic arts
Mexico--Politics and government
Occupation
College teachers
Graphic artists
zapatistas
Associated Language
spa
Gender
male
MARC
MARC
Other Identifiers
VIAF: 23830820
Wikidata: Q491635
Library of congress: n 94070644
BGU10: 000209936
Sources of Information
  • Crónica de una guerra anunciada, c1994:p. 24 (Subcomandante Marcos)
  • Ya basta! c1994:t.p. (sous-commandant Marcos)
  • Yo, Marcos, 1995:p. 12 (Vicecomandante Marcos)
  • Subcomandante Marcos, la genial impostura, c1998:p. 27 (Rafael Guillén, known later as Marcos, was once "profesor de teoría de las artes gráficas de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana de México"; b. June 19, 1957, in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico) p. 470 (Guillén Vicente, Rafael, presented his tesis de licenciatura at the Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, in 1980)
  • Ency. of Latin Am. hist. and culture, c1996:v.4, p. 31 (Zapatista leader, Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente, Comandante Marcos)
  • Cuentos para una soledad desvelada, 1998:(subcomandante insurgente Marcos) cover (sup Marcos)
  • Subcommander Marcos, 2007:ecip t.p. (Subcommander Marcos)
  • Saisons de la digne rage, 2009:t.p. (Sous-commandant Marcos) p. 7 (Sous-commandant Marcos alleges that he was born, 1984, in Selva Lacandona, extreme South of Mexico)
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Wikipedia description:

Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente (born 19 June 1957) is a Mexican insurgent, the former military leader and spokesman for the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in the ongoing Chiapas conflict, and a prominent anti-capitalist and anti-neoliberal. Widely known by his initial nom de guerre Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos (frequently shortened to simply Subcomandante Marcos), he has subsequently employed several other pseudonyms: he called himself Delegate Zero during the Other Campaign (2006–2007), Subcomandante Insurgente Galeano (again, frequently with the "Insurgente" omitted) from May 2014 to October 2023, which he adopted in honor of his fallen comrade Jose Luis Solis Lopez, his nom de guerre being Galeano, aka "Teacher Galeano." and since October 2023, Capitán Insurgente Marcos. Marcos bears the title and rank of Capitán (or "Captain" in English), and before that Subcommandante, (or "Subcommander" in English), as opposed to Comandante (or "Commander" in English), because he is under the command of the indigenous commanders who constitute the EZLN's Clandestine Revolutionary Indigenous Committee's General Command (CCRI-CG in Spanish). Born in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Marcos earned a degree from the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and taught at the Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM) for several years during the early 1980s. During this time he became increasingly involved with a guerrilla group known as the National Liberation Forces (FLN), before leaving the university and moving to Chiapas in 1984. The Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) (Zapatista Army of National Liberation; often simply called the Zapatistas) was the local Chiapas wing of FLN, founded in the Lacandon Jungle in 1983, initially functioning as a self-defense unit dedicated to protecting Chiapas' Mayan people from evictions and encroachment on their land. While not Mayan himself, Marcos emerged as the group's military leader, and when the EZLN, acting independently of the FLN, began its rebellion on 1 January 1994, he served as its spokesman. Known for his trademark ski mask and pipe and for his charismatic personality, Marcos coordinated the EZLN's 1994 uprising, headed up the subsequent peace negotiations, and played a prominent role throughout the Zapatistas' struggle in the following decades. After the ceasefire the government declared on day 12 of the revolt, the Zapatistas transitioned from revolutionary guerrillas to an armed social movement, with Marcos's role transitioning from military strategist to public relations strategist. He became the Zapatistas' spokesperson and interface with the public, penning communiqués, holding press conferences, hosting gatherings, granting interviews, delivering speeches, devising plebiscites, organizing marches, orchestrating campaigns, and twice touring Mexico, all to attract national and international media attention and public support for the Zapatistas. In 2001, he headed a delegation of Zapatista commanders to Mexico City to deliver their message on promoting indigenous rights before the Mexican Congress, attracting widespread public and media attention. In 2006, Marcos made another public tour of Mexico, which was known as The Other Campaign. In May 2014, Marcos stated that the persona of Subcomandante Marcos had been "a hologram" and no longer existed. Many media outlets interpreted the message as Marcos retiring as the Zapatistas' military leader and spokesman. Marcos is a prolific writer whose considerable literary talents have been widely acknowledged by prominent writers and intellectuals, with hundreds of communiqués and several books being attributed to him. Most of his writings are anti-capitalist while advocating for indigenous people's rights, but he has also written poetry, children's stories, and folktales and co-authored a crime novel. He has been hailed by Régis Debray as "the best Latin American writer today." Published translations of his writings exist in at least 14 languages.

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