Tube lichens
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- Work cat.: ITIS, Aug. 23, 2005(Genus Hypogymnia (Nyl.) Nyl. Family Parmeliaceae)
- Plants national database, Aug. 23, 2005(Hypogymnia (Nyl.) Nyl., tube lichen; lists 23 species, all with tube lichen as common name or part of common name. Family Parmeliaceae)
- Index fungorum, via WWW, Aug. 23, 2005(Hypogymnia. Parmeliaceae)
- World of lichen website, Aug. 23, 2005:lichen images (Hypogymnia. This lichen is leaf-like with grayish-green coloration on top and is black below. It can be confused with Parmelia, but Hypogymnia has hollow, tube-like lobes. Hypogymnia is usually found on conifers (needle-leaf trees) and sometimes rocks.)
- Foliose lichens, via BC Biodiversity website, Aug. 23, 2005(Beaded Bone, Hypogymnia enteromorpha; Tickertape Bone Lichen, Hypogymnia duplicata; Forking Tube Lichen, Hypogymnia imshaugii)
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Hypogymnia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. They are commonly known as tube lichens, bone lichens, or pillow lichens. Most species lack rhizines (root-like attachment organs on the lower surface) that are otherwise common in members of the Parmeliaceae, and have swollen lobes that are usually hollow. Other common characteristics are relatively small spores and the presence of physodic acid and related lichen products. The lichens usually grow on the bark and wood of coniferous trees. Hypogymnia was proposed by lichenologist William Nylander, first as a subgenus of Parmelia in 1881, and 15 years later as a distinct genus of two species, including the widespread and common type species, Hypogymnia physodes. It has since grown to about 90 recognized species. Hypogymnia has a centre of biodiversity in China, where many of its species are found.
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